Looking to pursue a career in physical therapy? According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of physical therapy jobs is expected to rise by 28% by 2026. Hence, it may well be the right time to consider a job in the physical therapy profession. And if you can excel in a certain specialization, you may find your future fit!
Forming an integral part of the healthcare team, physical therapists aim to restore or optimize the movement and function of the body after disease or injury. To achieve this goal, they regularly engage in assessing movement dysfunction, devising treatment plans, proposing therapeutic exercises, aiding neuromuscular control of movement, and handling the pain that arises during treatment.
Beyond these basic skills exist certain specializations, each of which defines a specific type of physical therapy. Each has its own unique purpose and set of roles. These days, physical therapists are ultra-specialized like other medical professionals. If you’re considering a career in physical therapy, read on to learn the different specialization options available to you.
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Our body nurtures rapidly during childhood and any developments in this phase impact the rest of a person’s life. Hence, any deficiencies during this phase could have negative implications for future growth and well-being. Pediatric physical therapy aims to help infants, children, toddlers, and adolescents to make the most of their growth. If you love children, this profession might be for you!
Pediatric physical therapy seeks to overcome any birth or growth defects a child might be facing and build his or her skeletal and muscular strength as they grow. They often deal with disorders or conditions that inhibit children from growing as they should. Among the most common disorders include cerebral palsy, scoliosis, developmental delays, cystic fibrosis, and brain injuries.
Therapists often treat problems by teaching the children different sort of movements and exercises. They use some specific ways to apply physical therapy to children that differ from techniques used for adults. In addition, they also interact with the child’s family members to counseling them on how to care for, program movements and assist their child.
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The job setting of a pediatric physical therapist isn’t confined to hospitals. You’ll see them working in schools, rehabilitation centers, outpatient centers, and even at patients’ homes.
While pediatric physical therapy is regulated by every individual state, you generally need a 3-year Doctor of Physical Therapy degree to assume the role. Students further need to take specialization courses that focus on pediatric physical therapy such as exercise physiology, pharmacology, behavioral science, anatomy, biology, radiology, and pathology.
Thus, if you wish to specialize in the pediatric branch of physical therapy, you not only have to pursue an appropriate degree, minors, and specialized programs but also consider whether you’d be able to handle the stress and family communication associated with this job.
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Initially, we don’t even realize how often we use our muscles in ways that are detrimental to our health, such as bad posture or damaging gait. When we’re young, the rest of our bodies compensate for any damage, but as we grow old, we start experiencing problems as the compensating muscles lose their former strength and stop assisting us when we’re doing something in the wrong way.
Geriatric physical therapy entails treatments that encourage more efficient and safe use of muscles to prevent any injuries. The overall goal is to help elderly patients remain as physically healthy and active as possible. Therapists often help patients by easing the pain that arises from disorders like osteoporosis, arthritis, and stiffness.
Diseases that have no cure and affect day-to-day activities are also common among geriatric physical therapy patients. Therapists in these cases assist the patients in building up muscle strength, maintaining balance, and eliminating the chances of a fall. They also engage with the patients’ family members and caretakers on how to take due care when the patients are at home.
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To become a geriatric physical therapist, you need to enroll in a geriatric-focused certificate program after completion of a graduate degree in physical therapy. This is typically a 12-credit hour program that includes courses such as aging, orthopedic evaluation, and treatment of elderly people as well as hands-on training through laboratory exercises.
If you associate yourself with sports and athletics, you ought to specialize in sports physical therapy. Injuries and twists are quite common for athletes. Some physical therapists specialize in sports medicine work to heal and mitigate injuries sustained during sports activities.
Some common sports injuries are concussions, hip flexor strains, ACL tears, tennis elbow, hamstring injuries, and shoulder injuries, including joint dislocation or tearing of the rotator cuff.
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Besides treating injuries, sports therapists also help athletes return to peak performance by applying therapies that aim to boost their speed, restore muscle strength, enhance agility, and quicken reaction times.
Sports therapists make use of various techniques such as stretching, hydrotherapy, strengthening, manual therapy, as well as the application of heat or cold medication or sprays to restore function and movement after injuries.
To attain the necessary knowledge and skills to enter the field of sports physical therapy, students need to obtain a graduate degree in sports physical therapy. It also includes a 1-year practical training program that trains students on the rehabilitation of athletes suffering from injuries. Plus, it enlightens students on how to deal with traumatized athletes.
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Some physical therapists specialize in treating orthopedic conditions. These include injuries that cause dysfunction and impairment to the soft and bony tissue structures of the body. In other words, it takes care of the entire musculoskeletal system of your body, which is made up of bones, joints, tendons, muscles, and ligaments.
Patients often face issues such as limited functional mobility and loss of strength. These conditions may be caused by injuries like tendonitis, ligament sprains, bone fractures, bursitis, post-operative conditions, or muscle strains. As a result, victims face obstacles in their day-to-day work or leisure activities.
Orthopedic physical therapists help to heal injuries and, in turn, recover your health, range of motion, and overall functional mobility. They also help you through a post-operative rehabilitation program in case you’ve undergone surgery.
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The therapist teaches you certain exercises based on your specific condition that aims to restore your normal mobility. The program helps you recover soon and safely return to your routine lifestyle in a short period of time.
The rehabilitation procedure may require the therapist to use certain specific tools such as therapeutic modalities like ultrasound, heat, ice, and electric stimulations, walkers or canes, exercising equipment, progress monitoring tools, and massage and mobilization tools.
To serve as an orthopedic physical therapist, you need to acquire a bachelor’s degree in biology or a related field followed by a 3-year doctoral degree that also includes clinical internships. States also require practitioners to hold a license, for which candidates need to pass an examination.
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Your complex, sophisticated nervous system plays a vital role in regulating and controlling all other functions of your body. Injuries and defects associated with the nervous system not only impact your senses, memory, and mood but also cause problems associated with your movement, speech, respiration system, and your ability to swallow. Hence, patients suffering from neurological diseases must undergo neurological physical therapy.
If someone doesn’t take this therapy seriously after experiencing a neurological injury, he or she may eventually lose independence, experience dysfunction in various areas of the body, which will prevent them from performing some activities. These conditions don’t stop here; if not cured, they result in even more dangerous health problems such as diabetes, heart issues, and lung problems.
Common injuries associated with the nervous system include spinal cord injuries, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, strokes, and multiple sclerosis. Neurological physical therapists evaluate and treat patients with movement problems related to these injuries.
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They begin with a comprehensive evaluation of the functioning and independence of patients and propose therapies that help patients regain some to most of the lost functions.
All aspiring neurological physical therapists need to hold a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree, take up relevant neural certification programs, and attain a license from their respective states.
Cardiopulmonary physical therapy was the first recognized specialization in physical therapy in 1978. However, there have been dramatic changes in the clinical practice of cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy.
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Today, cardiopulmonary disorders are extremely common in adults. Since our cardiopulmonary system functions to deliver oxygen to active tissues, it has a strong correlation with movement. Any abnormality or disease in this particular system directly hampers the performance of our day-to-day activities.
Cardiopulmonary therapists help patients recover from disorders related to cardiac and respiratory systems after an injury. Treatments include developing programs specific to the conditions of the patient, mentoring them on how to go about the rehabilitation, and applying water, heat, or massage therapy.
Successful cardiopulmonary therapists are compassionate, with a desire to help others, and possess outstanding interpersonal communication skills to mentor patients and their families about the course of treatments.
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A doctoral degree from an accredited physical therapy program is necessary for any cardiopulmonary therapist. Some undergraduate courses that may serve as prerequisites include biology, social science, physics, anatomy, chemistry, and mathematics. In addition, successful transition today also requires students to take up residency or fellowship
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